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<h1 class="article-header__title js-article-title js-page-title">9 mythes et idées fausses sur les Téfiline</h1>
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<span class="article-header__byline" data-kid="12145" data-author-bio="Posner, Menachem"><a title="Browse more articles by Posner, Menachem" href="/search/keyword_cdo/kid/12145/jewish/Posner-Menachem.htm">par Menahem Posner</a></span>
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<div class="co_body article-body cf"><section><h2>1. Mythe : les filles de Rachi les portaient</h2>
<p>Une légende urbaine tenace prétend que les filles de Rachi, le grand érudit du Moyen Âge dont les commentaires couvrent la quasi-totalité du <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="39736">Tanakh</span> et du <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="39078">Talmud</span>, portaient les <i>téfiline</i>. Cette anecdote apocryphe est souvent invoquée comme précédent par ceux qui veulent soutenir que les femmes d’aujourd’hui devraient porter les <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/652721/jewish/Les-Tfiline.htm" title="Les Téfiline">téfiline</a>, comme les hommes.</p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1152/nqEa11526757.jpg?_i=_n504BC99DD0473598AAE3BCDC5D75568D" alt="Interior of Rashi&amp;#39;s home in Worms, Germany" title="Interior of Rashi&amp;#39;s home in Worms, Germany" srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1152/nqEa11526757.jpg?_i=_n504BC99DD0473598AAE3BCDC5D75568D 685w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1152/nqEa11526757.jpg?_i=_nF2BB495DED96754E4660F69A3A9F4712 640w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1152/nqEa11526757.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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Interior of <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="40255">Rashi</span>'s home in Worms, Germany
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<h3>Réalité : rien ne vient étayer cette affirmation</h3>
<p><a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1695265/jewish/Rachi.htm" title="Rachi">Rachi</a> eut (au moins) trois filles, qui devinrent les matriarches des plus éminentes familles rabbiniques ashkénazes. Tout porte à croire qu’elles étaient instruites, comme on pouvait s’y attendre. Cependant, rien ne semble étayer l’idée, apparue au XXe siècle, qu’elles portaient les téfiline, une mitsva qui n’incombe qu’aux hommes.</p>
<p><b>Lire :</b> <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1679546/jewish/Toutes-les-mitsvot-pour-toutes-les-femmes.htm" title="Toutes les mitsvot pour toutes les femmes"><b>Toutes les mitsvot pour toutes les femmes</b></a></p>
</section><section><h2>2. Mythe : les téfiline ne peuvent être portés que le matin</h2>
<p>La grande majorité de ceux qui portent les téfiline les mettent chaque jour (sauf le Chabbat et les jours de fête) pour la prière du matin, puis les retirent avant de vaquer à leurs occupations. D’où l’idée fausse que les téfiline ne peuvent être portés que le matin et qu’il est <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="41200">trop</span> tard pour les mettre plus tard dans la journée.</p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/940/fRiL9400427.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1" srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/940/fRiL9400427.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1 500w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/940/fRiL9400427.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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<h3>Réalité : les téfiline peuvent être portés toute la journée</h3>
<p>Les téfiline ne peuvent être portés la nuit, mais tant que le soleil ne s’est pas couché, quiconque ne les a pas encore mis le matin (ce qui est préférable) doit assurément le faire.</p>
<p><b>Lire :</b> <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/755740/jewish/Comment-mettre-les-Tfiline.htm" title="Comment mettre les Téfiline"><b>Comment mettre les téfiline</b></a></p>
</section><section><h2>3. Mythe : les boîtiers sont en bois</h2>
<p>Un guide de musée m’a un jour affirmé que les boîtiers des téfiline étaient en bois peint en noir. Cela se conçoit aisément, puisqu’ils sont parfaitement carrés, rigides et relativement légers.</p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1152/tyRt11526754.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1" alt="Teffillin boxes being crafted by a &amp;quot;batim-macher&amp;quot; - crafter of boxes. While the texture looks and feels quite similar to wood, they are in fact made of leather." title="Teffillin boxes being crafted by a &amp;quot;batim-macher&amp;quot; - crafter of boxes. While the texture looks and feels quite similar to wood, they are in fact made of leather." srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1152/tyRt11526754.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1 500w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1152/tyRt11526754.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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Teffillin boxes being crafted by a "batim-macher" - crafter of boxes. While the texture looks and feels quite similar to wood, they are in fact made of leather.
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<h3>Réalité : ils sont en peau animale</h3>
<p>Les boîtiers des téfiline sont fabriqués en peau animale. Les modèles de qualité supérieure, qui peuvent durer toute une vie, sont fabriqués à partir d’une peau de bœuf, assouplie au moyen de produits chimiques, étirée, puis mise en forme dans des moules spéciaux sous des presses hydrauliques. Les modèles plus simples sont faits d’épais morceaux de parchemin, pliés et collés ensemble à la manière d’un origami.</p>
<p><b>Lire :</b> <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/898410/jewish/Chapitre-Trois.htm" title="Chapitre Trois"><b>Les instructions de Maïmonide pour la fabrication des boîtiers des téfiline</b></a></p>
</section><section><h2>4. Mythe : les téfiline de la tête se placent sur le front</h2>
<p>Ce mythe a en réalité un fondement biblique, puisque nous lisons dans la <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="40199">Torah</span> : « Ils seront pour vous des fronteaux entre vos yeux. » C’est peut-être à cause de ce verset qu’il n’est pas rare de voir des gens placer les téfiline <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/817346/jewish/Who-Made-Up-the-Way-We-Sing-the-Torah.htm" title="Who Made Up the Way We Sing the Torah?">trop</a> bas sur le front, parfois au point qu’ils se trouvent réellement entre les yeux.</p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/888/kdGv8880653.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1" alt="(c) Coby Engelhart" title="(c) Coby Engelhart" srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/888/kdGv8880653.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1 500w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/888/kdGv8880653.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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<h3>Réalité : les téfiline se placent juste au-dessus de la racine des cheveux</h3>
<p>Depuis l’époque talmudique, les Sages combattent cette idée fausse, déclarant que porter les téfiline trop bas sur le front est « la manière de faire des sectes hérétiques ». L’emplacement correct des téfiline de la tête est plutôt l’endroit où « le crâne d’un bébé est mou », au-dessus de la racine des cheveux.</p>
</section><section><h2>5. Mythe : s’ils viennent d’un magasin de judaïca, ils sont forcément cashers</h2>
<p>Beaucoup pensent que, s’ils achètent des téfiline dans un établissement juif (ou en ligne sur un site dont le nom paraît juif et qui est décoré d’étoiles de <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="40220">David</span>), ceux-ci sont nécessairement casher.</p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/835/DulS8351755.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1" alt="A rabbi presents a group of Israeli soldiers with a special gift - Their own pairs of kosher tefillin." title="A rabbi presents a group of Israeli soldiers with a special gift - Their own pairs of kosher tefillin." srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/835/DulS8351755.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1 500w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/835/DulS8351755.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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A rabbi presents a group of Israeli soldiers with a special gift - Their own pairs of <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="39609">kosher</span> <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="35973">tefillin</span>.
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<h3>Réalité : les escrocs ne manquent pas</h3>
<p>Si des téfiline sont vendus moins de 450 euros, soyez prudent. Il n’est généralement pas possible de rémunérer le travail qualifié et les matières premières nécessaires à la fabrication d’une paire de téfiline casher pour beaucoup moins cher. Cependant, même si vous payez davantage, le seul moyen d’être certain d’acheter des téfiline authentiques est de vous adresser à un commerçant ou à un scribe dont vous connaissez personnellement le sérieux, ou qui vous a été recommandé par une personne de confiance.</p>
<p>Il est d’ailleurs parfaitement acceptable (et probablement judicieux) de faire examiner par un scribe les téfiline que vous venez d’acheter. Certaines imperfections sont certes invisibles, mais le scribe pourra vous donner une idée assez précise de ce que vous avez acquis.</p>
<!--<p><b>Visiter&#160;: <co:link aid="389222" rel="sponsored" target="_blank"><b>La boutique de judaïca de Chabad.org</b></co:link></b></p>-->
</section><section><h2>6. Mythe : quelqu’un se remplit les poches</h2>
<p>Lorsqu’ils envisagent de payer le prix fort pour une nouvelle paire de téfiline, il est naturel que les consommateurs soupçonnent quelqu’un de profiter de leur naïveté pour s’enrichir.</p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1001/fapC10017466.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1" alt="A trained scribe inspects a tefillin scroll (Photo: Eliyahu Parypa)" title="A trained scribe inspects a tefillin scroll (Photo: Eliyahu Parypa)" srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1001/fapC10017466.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1 500w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1001/fapC10017466.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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A trained scribe inspects a <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1918251/jewish/What-Are-Tefillin.htm" title="What Are Tefillin?">tefillin</a> scroll (Photo: <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="38442">Eliyahu</span> Parypa)
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<h3>Réalité : les chiffres s’expliquent</h3>
<p>Comme nous venons de l’expliquer, fabriquer une paire de téfiline exige énormément de travail et des efforts minutieux, auxquels prennent part des tanneurs, des scribes et d’autres artisans. Lorsque l’on additionne tout cela et que l’on songe que le commerçant doit lui aussi gagner sa vie, on finit par se demander comment les téfiline peuvent être vendus à un prix aussi raisonnable.</p>
<!--<p><b>Lire&#160;:</b> <co:link aid="1921512"><b>Guide d’achat des téfiline</b></co:link></p>-->
</section><section><h2>7. Mythe : tout le monde sait ce que sont des phylactères</h2>
<p>Pour expliquer aux non-initiés ce que sont les téfiline, certains disent parfois : « Mais oui, ce sont des phylactères », comme si tout devenait ainsi parfaitement clair.</p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/940/ioaq9400434.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1" srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/940/ioaq9400434.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1 500w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/940/ioaq9400434.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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<h3>Réalité : très peu de gens parlent latin</h3>
<p>Il est vrai que « phylactère » (mot d’origine grecque, passé ensuite au latin) est techniquement un mot français. Mais, de nos jours, il n’est pratiquement jamais employé par quiconque ignore ce que sont les <i>téfiline</i>. Vous 
pouvez essayer de dire « cubes de prière », mais le mieux est de dire « <i>téfiline</i> » et apprendre à votre interlocuteur quelque chose qu’il ne savait pas encore.</p>
<p><b>Lire :</b> <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/7444643/jewish/Que-sont-les-Tfiline.htm" title="Que sont les Téfiline?"><b>Que sont les téfiline ?</b></a></p>
</section><section><h2>8. Mythe : Rabbénou Tam a « inventé » une autre sorte de téfiline</h2>
<p>De nombreux Juifs pieux portent deux paires de téfiline : dans la première, les parchemins sont disposés conformément à la tradition défendue par Rachi ; la seconde suit l’enseignement de son petit-fils, Rabbénou Tam. Croyant que Rabbénou Tam est à l’origine de cette deuxième forme de téfiline, beaucoup se demandent comment il aurait pu soudain proposer au monde juif une variante d’une pratique aussi bien établie. N’aurait-il pas suffi que ses contemporains ouvrent les téfiline de leurs grands-pères pour lui montrer la bonne manière de faire ?</p>
<div align="center" class="imagetable w96 margin05 widen img500" width="685" >
<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1098/xFyJ10987975.jpg?_i=_n504BC99DD0473598AAE3BCDC5D75568D" srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1098/xFyJ10987975.jpg?_i=_n504BC99DD0473598AAE3BCDC5D75568D 685w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1098/xFyJ10987975.jpg?_i=_nF2BB495DED96754E4660F69A3A9F4712 640w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1098/xFyJ10987975.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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<h3>Réalité : la controverse est antérieure à Rachi et à Rabbénou Tam</h3>
<p>Il est vrai que l’une des dispositions fut défendue par Rachi et l’autre par Rabbénou Tam, mais toutes deux étaient déjà en usage depuis des générations.</p>
<p><b>Lire :</b> <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/635765/jewish/Les-Tfiline-de-Rabbnou-Tam.htm" title="Les Téfiline de Rabbénou Tam"><b>Les Téfiline de Rabbénou Tam</b></a></p>
</section><section><h2>9. Mythe : il suffit de les porter le jour de sa Bar-Mitsva</h2>
<p>Apprendre à mettre les téfiline tient une grande place dans la préparation à la Bar-Mitsva et se trouve souvent au cœur des festivités. On observe cependant ce phénomène regrettable : certains garçons rangent leurs téfiline après leur <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/641849/jewish/La-Bar-Mitsva.htm" title="La Bar-Mitsva">Bar-Mitsva</a> et ne les remettent ensuite que rarement.</p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1031/wtfb10315466.png?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1" alt="Tradition passed down to another generation: A grandfather helps his grandson don his tefillin (Credit: Serraf Studio)" title="Tradition passed down to another generation: A grandfather helps his grandson don his tefillin (Credit: Serraf Studio)" srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1031/wtfb10315466.png?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1 500w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1031/wtfb10315466.png?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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Tradition passed down to another generation: A grandfather helps his grandson don his tefillin (Credit: Serraf Studio)
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<h3>Réalité : la Bar-Mitsva n’est que le commencement</h3>
<p>Un homme juif met les téfiline chaque jour (sauf le <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/487482/jewish/Le-Chabbat.htm" title="Le Chabbat">Chabbat</a> et les fêtes juives) tout au long de sa vie. La Bar-Mitsva est le commencement, non la fin !</p></section></div>
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